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Research Article

In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Leaf and Bark Extracts of Barringtonia acutangula Linn.

Year : 2019 | Volume : 1 | Issue : 1 | Page no. : 37-40

irjbs.2019.37.40

S. Chandra Mohan and T. Anand

Received: November 27, 2018       Accepted: December 19, 2018

ABSTRACT

Barrintonia acutangula Linn. (Family Lecythidaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant used to cure many diseases in India. Barringtonia acutangula Linn. popularly known as Samudraphal in Hindi, Kadambu in Tamil and Indian Oak in English. The aim of the current study was evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic leaf and bark extracts of Barringtoni autangula. The antioxidant activity of plant material was assayed by DPPH radical scavenging assay and data was statistically analyzed using student “t” test. Results showed that IC50value of bark extract and leaf extract were 48.10+4.50 μg mL–1and 38.16+2.59 μg mL–1, respectively; comparable with IC50 value of standard (Vitamin C) 26.84+4.04 μg mL–1. Therefore, it was concluded that Barringtonia acutangula improving the human health by participating in the antioxidant defence system against free radical generation.

KEYWORDS: Barringtonia acutangula,antioxidant, DPPH, IC50value, free radical

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S. Chandra Mohan

Corresponding Author

Department of Chemistry, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan University, NH-12, Hoshangabad Road, Jatkhedi, Bhopal, (M.P.), India


INTRODUCTION

Free radicals arising from metabolism or environmental sources interact continuously in biological systems and their uncontrolled generation correlates directly with molecular level of many diseases1. Lots of research has clearly showed that free radicals would damage nearby structures including DNA, proteins or lipids. Radical scavenging antioxidants are particularly important in antioxidative-defence in protecting cells from the injury of free-radical2. It is known that free radicals are the major cause of various chronic and degenerative diseases, such as coronary heart disease, inflammation, stroke, diabetes mellitus and cancer3. Therefore, it was important to assess antioxidant activity of the plants used in the herbal medicine either to elucidate the mechanism of their pharmacological action or to provide information on antioxidant activity of these herbal plants4. Barringtonia acutangula Linn. (Family Lecythidaceae) is an important medicinal plant of India. It is one of the useful traditional medicinal plant used for the cure and treatment of many ailments like hemolytic disease, joint disorder, spleen disorder,skin disease, diarrhoea, inflammation, syphilis, malarial and diabetes5. In the present study evaluated the antioxidant properties of the leaf and bark of B. acutangula. The ethanolic extracts of both parts of B. acutangula were used to investigate the antioxidant activity in terms of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH•).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Chemicals: DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and L-ascorbic acid were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., India. All other chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade available commercially.

Collection and identification of plant material: The plant material was collected from Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India and authenticated by Dr. John Britto, Rapinat Herbarium, St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.

Preparation of plant extracts: Fresh plant material was washed under running tap water, air dried and powdered. About 100 g of coarsely powdered plant materials (100 g/500 mL) were extracted in a soxhlet extractor for 8 h, with ethanol. The extracts obtained were then concentrated and finally dried to a constant weight. Dried extracts were kept at 4°C until further test were carried out.

Preparation of sample: The different concentrations of leaves and bark extract (20, 40, 60 and 80 μg mL–1) were prepared for in vitro antioxidant activity. L-Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was used as the standard.

DPPH radical-scavenging activity: DPPH radical-scavenging activity was determined by the method of Shimada et al.6. A 2 mL aliquot of DPPH solution (25 μg mL–1) was added to 0.5 mL sample solution at different concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 μg mL–1). The mixture was shaken vigorously and allowed to stand at room temperature in the dark for 30 min. Then the absorbance was measured at 517 nm in a spectrophotometer.

(1)

where, AC = Absorbance of the control and AS = Absorbance of the reaction mixture (in the presence of sample).

Statistical analysis: The results were presented as Mean±SD. Data was statistically analyzed using student “t” test. For the calculation of IC50, Linear regression analysis was done using Graph Pad prism statistical software.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Free radicals produced by radiation, chemical reactions and several redox reactions of various compounds may contribute to protein oxidation, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation in living tissues and cells7.

This oxidative stress may be related to many disorders, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and liver cirrhosis8. Free radical scavenging is one of the known mechanisms by which antioxidants inhibit lipid oxidation. DPPH, a stable free radical with a characteristic absorption at 517 nm, was used to study the radical scavenging effects of extract. The extract contained antioxidant components, which could react rapidly with DPPH radicals and reduce most DPPH radicals. This result reveals that the extracts are a free radical inhibitor or scavenger, acting possibly as primary antioxidants. Various extracts might react with free radicals, particularly the peroxy radicals, which are the major propagators of the autoxidation chain of fat, thereby terminating the chain reaction9-11. Antioxidant activity of natural antioxidants has been shown to be involved in termination of free radical reaction12. The results indicated that ethanolic extract of B.acutangula have a noticeable effect on scavenging free radical. The IC50 of bark extract, leaves extract and standard were 48.10±4.50, 38.16±2.59 and 26.84±4.04 μg mL–1, respectively. The antioxidant activity and IC50 values of bark, leaves extract and standard are shown in Fig. 1-3. The combined DPPH radical scavenging activity of B. acutangula leaf and bark extracts at different concentrations shown in Fig. 4. The inhibition concentration at 50% inhibition (IC50) was the parameter used to compare the radical scavenging activity. A lower IC50 meant better radical scavenging activity.

DPPH• is one of the free radicals widely used for testing preliminary radical scavenging activity of the plant extract13. Scavenging of DPPH• radical is related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation14. DPPH• is usually used as a substance to evaluate the antioxidant activity15. Antioxidants either transfer an electron or a hydrogen atom to DPPH•, thus neutralizing its free radical character16. DPPH• test, which is based on the ability of DPPH•, a stable free radical, to decolorize in the presence of antioxidants, is a direct and reliable method for determining radical scavenging action17. The DPPH• assay has been largely used as a quick, reliable and reproducible parameter to search the in vitro general antioxidant activity of pure compounds as well as plant extracts18. The reducing capacity of compounds could serve as indicator of potential antioxidant property19. In the present study, the percentage of scavenging effect on the DPPH• radical was concomitantly increased with the increase in the concentration of both leaf and bark ethanolic extracts from 20 to 80 μg mL–1. The percentage of inhibition was existing from 31.89±0.64 at 20 μg mL–1 to 90.6±4.12 at 80 μg mL–1 for leaf extract and for bark extract, they were 21.35±1.18 at 20 μg mL–1 and 83.89±6.34 at 80 μg mL–1. From the results it is known that B. acutangula extracts scavenging free radicals. Furthermore, it was noticed that the leaf extract has more pronounced scavenging activity than that of the bark.

CONCLUSION

The findings of the present study suggested that B. acutangula could be a potential source of natural antioxidant that would have great importance as therapeutic agents in preventing or slowing the progress of reactive oxygen species and associated oxidative stress related degenerative diseases.

TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

S. Chandra Mohan and T. Anand 2019. In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Leaf and Bark Extracts of Barringtonia acutangula Linn.. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1: 37-40

Url: https://scirange.com/abstract/irjbs.2019.37.40

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